Oil-burning engine



OIL BURNING ENGINE Original Filed. July 30 1924 i@ M, waMmQ/Mg y Patented Apr. l, 1930 I UNITED STATES 15A-TENT OFFICE ULESBIE L. CUHHINS, OE COLUMBUS, INDIANA, vASSIGNOR TO OIL ENGINE DEVEL- OPIENT COIPANY, OF COLUMBUS, INDIANA, A CORPORATION F INDIANA OIL-BURNING ENGINE riginal application iled. July 30, 1924, Serial No. 728,143. Divided andthis application med September 14,

1925. serial m. 56,213.

the cylinder, and more particularly to enines employing my method of -fuel injection sclosed in my pending application for U. S. Letters Patent, Serial No. 729,143, filed July 30, 1924, of which this application is a div1sion in part. e

One of the main objects of my invention is to so form the seat at ,the discharge end of the vaporizing chamber that the liquid fuel, deposited thereon, will be picked up and thoroughly mixed with the in-rushing air forced from the combustion space through communicating ports into the vaporizin chamber. A

Another object of my invention is to adapt 2o my form of injector to a two cycle engine.

The above and further objects of my invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which I have illustrated the preferred form of embodiment of ,my invention.

Said drawing is a vertical section 'taken through a two cycle engine and showing my improved fuel injector applied thereto.

'Referring to this drawing, it will be obvious that the piston 1 reclprocates in the engine cylinder 2 provided with a cylinder head 3. Both the cylinder and head may be water jacketed, as illustrated. The piston is connected through a connecting rod 4 with a crank shaft 5 mounted in the crank case 6. During the outward or compression stroke, that is to say, when the piston is raised in the cylinder, a partial vacuum is created in the crank case and air is drawn into the crank case through a valve 7 which may be of any desired form. Near the end of the inward or power stroke (that is when the piston moves downwardly to the position shown in the drawing) an exhaust port 8 is uncovered and the upperaend of a conduit 9 in the cylinder wall is also uncovered at the same time so that the air compressed in the crank case by the piston escapes into the combustion space and drives the products of combustion out of the combustion space through the exhaust port 8. The piston has a deflecting plate 10 for directing the incoming air so as to properly drive off the products of combustion.

The fuel injector, in general, comprises a body or plug member 12, an injecting plunger 13, operable in the central bore 14 of the plug, a cup-shaped member 15 fitting over and about the lower end of the plug, and a fuel valve 16l mounted in a bore 17 in the plug. When the plunger 13 is retracted or elevated to the position shown in the drawlng, an atomizing or vaporizing chamber C is formed under the plunger.v The lower end of the plunger has a concave seat which may be spherical as shown, or conical, if desired. The cup-shaped member 15 is provided with a complemental convex seat 24 which may be spherical as shown, or conical if the lower end of the plunger 13 is provided with a concave vconical end. The lower end of the cup 15 is, provided with very restricted passages or openings 19 which cornmunicate with the combustion space and radiate outwardly from the edge of the seat. 24 and are preferably arranged tangential to this seat. An oil conduit 21 extends through the lower end of the cup 15 and opens at one end at the center of the seat 24 and upwardly into the vaporizing chamber C. The conduit 21 opens at its opposite end into the lower end of the bore 17 and is normally closed by the pointed end of the fuel inlet valve 16.

I have not shown in detail in the dra-wing the operating connections for actuating the injecting plunger 13 and the fuel valve 16, as any desired means may be employed. I have illustrated diagrammatically, an arm 22, which may be operated by a cam 24 through a connecting rod 25 for the purpose of controlling the plunger 13. I have also shown diagrammatically an arm 26, which may be operated through a connecting link 26 by a 95 cam 27, to control the fuel valve 16. Both cams 24 .and 27 may be secured to a cam shaft 28.

The operation of my invention is as follows: While the piston is approximately at 1 the very beginning of its compression stroke, that is at its bottom center, the fuel valve 16 is slightly elevated and a charge of oilv is forced by gravity or otherwisethrough the conduit 21 out onto the seat 24 in the vaporizing chamber C. At the same time, the plunger 13 is retracted. During the outward or compression stroke, part of the air, cornpressed in the combustion chamber, is forced to flow through the restricted openings 19 into the vaporizing chamber C. These streams of highly compressed heated air sweep over the seat 24 and hence through and over the oil deposited on and around the edge of the seat 24 with the result that the oil is entrained with the air and thoroughly mixed, atomized and vaporized with it in the vaporizing chamber C. Near the beginning of the inward stroke of the piston, the plunger 13 is very rapidly advanced until its lower end is seated against the seat 24 and during this movement of the plunger, the dry aseous mixture of air and fuel is rapidly orced out of 'the vaporizing chamber C through the restricted radiating openings 19 into the combustion chamber of the cylinder. As this dry gaseous charge is injected into the; combustion chamber, it ignites and explodes, thereby greatly increasing the pressure in the combustion chamber and driving the piston inwardly.

1 do not intend to be contined to the precise structure shown and described as it is obvious that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim:

1. In an oil engine, the combination of a cylinder and a piston operable therein, and a fuel vaporizing and injecting device comprising a chamber having a convex seat and restricted communicating ports opening into said chamber approximately at the edge of said seat, means for depositing fuel at the apex of said seat, a plunger in said chamber, and means for retracting said plunger so that the air forced from the combustion space through said ports isweeps said convex seat to thoroughly vaporize and mix the liquid fuel with the air and for advancing said plunger to eject the mixture of air and fuel from said vaporizing chamber through said communicating ports into the combustion space.

2. In an oil engine, the combination of a cylinder and a piston operable therein, and a fuel vaporizin and injecting device comprising a cham er having a convex seat and restricted communicating ports opening into said chamber approximately at the edge of said seat and extending tangentially to said seat, and means for depositing fuel at the apex ofsaid seat, a plunger in said chamber and havmg a complemental concave seat, and means for retracting said plunger so that the 

